An Optimizing Java Translation Framework for Automated Checkpointing and Strong Mobility

Long-running programs, e.g., in high-performance computing, need to write periodic checkpoints of their execution state to disk to allow them to recover from node failure. Manually adding checkpointing code to an application, however, is very tedious. The mechanisms needed for writing the execution state of a program to disk and restoring it are similar to those needed for migrating a running thread or a mobile object. We have extended a source-to-source translation scheme that allows the migration of mobile Java objects with running threads to make it more general and allow it to be used for automated checkpointing. Our translation scheme allows serializable threads to be written to disk or migrated with a mobile agent to a remote machine. The translator generates code that maintains a serializable run-time stack for each thread as a Java data structure. While this results in significant run-time overhead, it allows the checkpointing code to be generated automatically. We improved the locking mechanism that is needed to protect the run-time stack as well as the translation scheme. Our experimental results demonstrate an speedup of the generated code over the original translator and show that the approach is feasible in practice

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection.

Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise across disciplines, out-of-sample generalizability is concerning. This is currently addressed by sharing multi-site data, but such centralization is challenging/infeasible to scale due to various limitations. Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative paradigm for accurate and generalizable ML, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here we present the largest FL study to-date, involving data from 71 sites across 6 continents, to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for the rare disease of glioblastoma, reporting the largest such dataset in the literature (n = 6, 314). We demonstrate a 33% delineation improvement for the surgically targetable tumor, and 23% for the complete tumor extent, over a publicly trained model. We anticipate our study to: 1) enable more healthcare studies informed by large diverse data, ensuring meaningful results for rare diseases and underrepresented populations, 2) facilitate further analyses for glioblastoma by releasing our consensus model, and 3) demonstrate the FL effectiveness at such scale and task-complexity as a paradigm shift for multi-site collaborations, alleviating the need for data-sharing

Author Correction: Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection.

10.1038/s41467-023-36188-7NATURE COMMUNICATIONS14

Federated Learning Enables Big Data for Rare Cancer Boundary Detection

Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise across disciplines, out-of-sample generalizability is concerning. This is currently addressed by sharing multi-site data, but such centralization is challenging/infeasible to scale due to various limitations. Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative paradigm for accurate and generalizable ML, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here we present the largest FL study to-date, involving data from 71 sites across 6 continents, to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for the rare disease of glioblastoma, reporting the largest such dataset in the literature (n = 6, 314). We demonstrate a 33% delineation improvement for the surgically targetable tumor, and 23% for the complete tumor extent, over a publicly trained model. We anticipate our study to: 1) enable more healthcare studies informed by large diverse data, ensuring meaningful results for rare diseases and underrepresented populations, 2) facilitate further analyses for glioblastoma by releasing our consensus model, and 3) demonstrate the FL effectiveness at such scale and task-complexity as a paradigm shift for multi-site collaborations, alleviating the need for data-sharing

Accuracy Estimation of Propagation Velocity in Variable Path Ultrasonic Interferometer for Liquids

In this article, we describe the effects and the degree to which they cause error in the measurement of propagation velocity. Various effects include nonlinearity in path measurement, temperature stability and number of maxima or minima consideration. Double-distilled water was used as a sample to estimate various effects. Finally, it has been concluded that the variable frequency approach may be preferred for better accuracy. It has also been observed that the digital frequency selection is more precise than mechanical distance variation

Cross antigenicity of immunodominant polypeptides of somatic antigen of Oesophagostomum columbianum with other helminths by western blotting

Aim: Oesophagostomum columbianum in small ruminants in India is found as mixed infection commonly in sheep and goat. Haemonchus contortus, an abomasal nematode is found as concurrent infection with it. Eggs of Haemonchus and O. columbianum cannot be easily distinguished. Diagnosis of O. columbianum may only be possible if a non-cross antigenic polypeptide was available for immunodiagnosis. Materials and Methods: Somatic antigen (SoAg) of O. columbianum was fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodominant polypeptides were identified by western blotting with homologous hyperimmune serum (HIS) and experimental sera of sheep or goat infected with other helminths. Results: SoAg of O. columbianum was immunoaffinity purified. Sharp polypeptide bands of 130, 72 and 68 KDa were observed along with several faint bands of lower molecular weight. Western blot of purified SoAg of O. columbianum with homologous HIS showed reaction with all the protein bands of 17, 28, 30, 32, 35, 38, 50, 68, 100, 130, 150, and 170 kDa. For identification of non-cross antigenic polypeptide, immunoaffinity purified SoAg of O. columbianum was reacted to heterologous HIS against H. contortus, Paramphistomum epiclitum, and Fasciola gigantica in western blotting utilizing completely dry method (i-blot). Among high molecular weight polypeptides 100 and 150 kDa were non-cross antigenic and among low molecular weight except 50 kDa polypeptide, 17, 30, 32, 35, and 38 kDa of O. columbianum were not cross antigenic with other helminths. Conclusions: Hence, polypeptides of 17, 30, 32, 35 and 38 kDa as well as 100 and 150 kDa polypeptides of O. columbianum may be exploited for immunodiagnosis of the infection in sheep and goat with extensive studies on cross antigenicity

Histomorphological features of resected bladder tumors: Do energy source makes any difference

Context: The recent advent of bipolar energy in bladder tumor resection has raised many questions regarding density of current and its effect on histopathology of the resected transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) chips. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the histomorphological features in resected bladder tumors comparing bipolar versus conventional (monopolar) energy. Settings and Design: Inclusion criteria were patients with primary presentation of carcinoma urinary bladder undergoing TURBT. The patients with prior resections were excluded as these could jeopardize the results of cautery artifacts. Materials and Methods: From February 2010 to December 2011, 61 patients with primary carcinoma bladder and meeting our inclusion criteria were compared. Group 1 (n = 31) underwent bipolar-TURBT (B-TURBT) and Group 2 (n = 30) monopolar-TURBT (M-TURBT). Two pathologists, who were blinded to the form of electrocautery used, examined the resected tissue. The degree of cautery artifact in each specimen was recorded. The severity of the cautery artifact was graded as absent, mild, moderate, or severe. The mean age, tumor size, and resection time were recorded in both groups. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS 16. Data were compared in between groups using paired t-test and Pearson's Chi-square test. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age, tumor size, and resection time were similar in between the two groups. The pathologists had no obscurity in reaching a correct diagnosis in all cases. The cautery artifacts were graded as absent in 10 (32.2%) and 8 (26.67%), mild in 12 (38.7%) and 11 (36.67%), moderate in 5 (16.1%) and 7 (23.33%) and severe in 4 (12.9%) and 5 (16.66%) cases, respectively in Group 1 and 2. There was no statistically significant histomorphogical dissimilarity between specimens according to the type of cautery used. Conclusions: Bladder tissue obtained from B-TURBT is of equivalent histomorphological feature as that of standard M-TURBT